It seems that host organisms induce structural changes in their glycan repertoire in order to evade an invasion by pathogenic microbes (Varki 2006).
Considering that bacteriophage is a virus infecting bacteria and modified bases are commonly found in a phage genome, the new mechanism of bacterial immunity we first demonstrated in this study, may be particularly necessary for bacteria to evade DNA invasion and retain their genetic stability.
In a seminal review, Hanahan and Weinberg [ 5] introduced six " hallmarks of cancer" (i.e. self-sufficient in growth signals, insensitivity to growth inhibition, evading apoptosis, tissue invasion and metastasis, sustained angiogenesis and limitless replicative potential), while a seventh hallmark (stemness) of cancer was concluded through gene expression analysis [ 6, 7].
Poor visibility enabled most of the German invasion fleet to evade detection until it was too late.
Polymorphisms in AMA-1 allow the parasite to evade antibody-mediated inhibition of invasion in vitro [18], and sera from rabbits immunized with different forms of AMA-1 showed limited cross-protection, with the level of inhibition inversely related to the number of amino acid differences between parasite strains [12], [19], [20].
Human cancers are known to have elaborate mechanistic strategies to evade apoptosis, promote limitless replication, tissue invasion and insensitivity to anti-growth signals [18].
Multiplication of this gene may lead to the birth of new family members awaiting selectable mutations to evade immune responses or to explore novel invasion pathways.
By regulating target mRNAs of these proteins, HuR expression showed the ability to enhance tumor cell proliferation, increase cell survival and local angiogenesis, evade immune recognition, and promote cancer cell invasion and metastasis [ 23].
It is widely accepted that over-expression of ABC-type multidrug transporters can efficiently evade the pressure of drugs and enhance the invasion ability of pathogens [28] [30].
This inflammatory milieu allows tumour cells to evade host responses, contributing to angiogenesis, tumour growth, invasion, and metastasis.
