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In order to investigate the impact of the underlying etiology more precisely, we extended our subgroup analyses.
In terms of diagnostic categories, patients with CKD of undetermined etiology more likely to be seen in public sector hospitals whereas hypertensive nephrosclerosis was more frequently encountered in private hospitals (p < 0.0001).
Ideally, preclinical studies for stroke should use animal populations of mixed sex, advanced age and with various comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension or obesity, in order to model the human etiology more closely.
Tropical calcific pancreatitis (TCP) is a form of chronic pancreatitis of unknown etiology, more prevalent in the tropical regions of developing countries such as India whereas fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD) is a form of diabetes secondary to TCP [ 3].
For Genetics vignettes, participants perceived questions about disease etiology more frequently than for Infectious Disease vignettes, for which they perceived questions about diagnostic and referral guidelines, disease classification and sources of patient education materials.
The evaluation of gene polymorphisms and haplotypes, particularly in conjunction with environmental and other lifestyle exposures, will further our understanding of the causal nature of a number of observed associations, as well as our understanding of breast cancer etiology more generally.
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In their discussion, they also pointed out the insufficiency of relevant information to analyze etiologies more precisely owing to their prehospital-based dataset [ 17].
Since the criteria for defining HCAP have not been standardized between these studies, and due to the existence of geographically different etiologies, more data are required for a better characterization of unified HCAP and for redefining HCAP.
General medical questions about disease etiology occurred more frequently in response to Genetics vignettes and questions about diagnosis/referral criteria and disease classification were perceived more frequently in Infectious Disease vignettes.
Pressure ulcers (PUs) in the pediatric population are inherently different from those in adults, in their risk factors and etiology, with more than 50% of the cases related to contact with medical equipment at the care setting.
Laboratory work-up is useful in determining an etiology; however, more invasive procedures, such as chorioretinal biopsy, may be necessary to guide treatment.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com