From an etiological perspective, interactions between distant parts of the GI tract via the enteric nervous system or cells of the immune system may provide an explanation for independent reports of FD and IBS presenting as longitudinally unstable, fluctuating conditions.
Additional layers of complexity are represented by the likelihood of unaccountable epistatic interactions, etiological heterogeneity, and epigenetic and random events.
In this respect, inflammatory biomarkers may permit capturing the etiological function of (and interaction between) genetic constitution and environmental risk modifiers in the T2DM pathogenesis.
MDR has been used frequently in the field of genetic epidemiology - in the study of diseases such as Breast Cancer [ 3- 5], Schizophrenia [ 6], and Type 2 Diabetes [ 7] - to search for interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) implicating biological interactions of etiological significance.
Open bite malocclusion is considered one of the most difficult orthodontic problems to correct because it appears as a result of the interaction of numerous etiological factors (genetic, dental, skeletal, functional, soft tissue, and habit) that contribute to its development [1].
Hence, a more complex etiological mechanism related to the interaction between different perinatal exposures may have an effect on determining the type of germ-cell tumour.
A structural equation model was developed in order to further explore the association between the anaemia mechanisms and etiological factors and to correct for interaction between factors 17.
One of them is the requirement to establish a causative relationship between stressful environmental factors and stress-related neurochemical and genetic pathways in a complex model of interaction using valid and etiological relevant animal models.
The treatment of BED, as for EDs in general, is influenced by his etiological background, constituted of a complex interaction of heritable, psychological and environmental factors that should be taken into account in treatment planning [ 23, 35].
If genomic variants such as Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), short indels and Copy Number Variations (CNVs) can be studied simultaneously, this will help to discover important interactions and more precise etiological factors (12).
