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Additional file 1: Additional etiological findings in the patients with or without bacterial infection.
However, several theories have been put forth to explain vitiligo pathogenesis based on the histological, clinical, and etiological findings, the most popular of which involve autoimmunity, genetic factors, and oxidative stress.
It will be important to integrate these literatures, and the broader basis of etiological findings and associated environmental factors, into theoretical models of how gene environment interaction effects operate with respect to alcohol use.
Bovine brain samples (n = 123) initially were submitted for etiological findings to the Animal and plant Quarantine Agency (QIA), Culicoides samples (157 pools) of various species were collected through the national vector surveillance program for arboviral infectious disease in collaboration with local entomological experts [ 26].
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Patients were re-evaluated by investigators blinded to the etiological and cardiac findings four weeks after enrolment.
The medical history, general physical condition and clinical symptoms of each patient were re-evaluated by investigators blinded to the etiological and cardiac findings four weeks after enrolment.
Data recorded included demographic characteristics, diagnosing setting, clinical data, radiological findings, etiological filiations, antimicrobial treatment according to the ATC classification [ 34], number of days to clinical cure (from onset of symptoms to recovery) and mortality.
Although all the described cases of human dirofilariosis in Serbia recognized D. repens as the etiological agent, our findings indicated that D. immitis too came in contact with humans, with about the same frequency as D. repens (8.1% vs 9.7%).
Although it is not definitively sure at present whether hypermethylation of ENO2 gene is a specific factor to autism and if this epigenetic abnormality is a part of the epigenetic mechanisms that may result in autism, or if it is a consequence from other etiological factors, our finding has opened a new avenue to further investigate the epigenetic pathogenesis for autism.
Our data did not provide clues to potential etiological pathways behind our findings and therefore we cannot draw causal inferences.
Although the etiological relevance of BAL findings may be questionable in many cases, the results trigger the change of antimicrobial treatment in up to 50% of patients [ 33, 44, 45].
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