Students were provided with a selection of several of these videos, which varied according to the demographic attributes of the STEM professionals (e.g., gender, ethnicity); students were allowed to select whichever single video they wanted to view before beginning the IVE.
Our results on appreciation scores in subgroups of students show that the programme revisions were successful in making the programme appeal to a wider target group, including students of non-Dutch ethnicity, students attending a lower educational subtrack and students with more favourable dietary intakes.
Other potential confounders that have not been addressed include differences between the schools other than curriculum format or quality of implementation of the curriculum, recent curriculum changes, ethnicity of students, and proportion of students with relatives in the medical profession.
Chi square test was used to examine the distributions of gender and ethnicity among students who completed the questionnaires and students who did not complete the questionnaires.
There was no significant difference in the distributions of gender and ethnicity between students who completed the questionnaires and students who did not complete the questionnaires (p = 0.694, p = 0.852, respectively, Chi square test).
Based on these characteristics, one might conclude that teachers who do distinguish between normal and at-risk students, do not do so on observable characteristics like ethnicity.9 Students are identified on the basis of non-observable or hardly observable characteristics, such as motivation or personal situation.
In addition, others have examined the effect of different races or ethnicities on student achievement (Hanushek et al. 2009; Hanushek and Rivkin 2009).
Finally, since LE students are more likely to be from Latin America, it is beneficial to attempt to address whether any effects associated with LE ability are misinterpreted as being due to the ethnicity of students.
No matter what the ethnicity, undocumented students in California face a unique challenge: they can access state funds to help pay for their undergraduate education, but have fewer resources when it comes time to put their skills to use.
In fact, federal law generally prohibits lenders from collecting key information on pricing grids and the race or ethnicity of students.
