The new scholarship on the period was animated in the late 18th and early 19th centuries by historians imbued with ethnic-national sentiment and with a conception of historically "ethnic" communities especially in Germany and England that lacked a recognized past (or had only a peripheral past) in traditional histories of the Greco-Roman world.
Some scholars argue rightwing populists tend to be "exclusionary" (omitting, say, migrants or ethnic minorities from their conception of a virtuous people), whereas leftwing populists have a broader, inclusive concept of who counts as "the people".
Principal among his contributions in these areas was the development of the notion of "ethnic race", Locke's conception of race as primarily a matter of social and cultural, rather than biological, heredity.
It is noteworthy and perhaps illuminating of Locke's conception of ethnic or social race that the groupings of human persons formerly thought to constitute "races" in the biological sense such as "Negro," "Caucasian," or "Asian" are in fact each composed of several different social or ethnic races.
He questions denials of ethnic ties when writers, however fleetingly, present "a conception of ethnicity filtered through and influenced by New World experiences..
Proto-Nazi ideals of racism, rabid nationalism and ethnic cleansing were at the core of Wagner's conception of Bayreuth, a conception carried through with intense loyalty by his family after his death in 1883.
While it is disputable whether the Danish conception of the nation is predominantly ethnic or civic (cf. Mouritsen & Olsen, 2013), it relies on a monist idea(l) of society in which Danish norms and values constitute the central reference point by which a political community is preserved and reproduced (Hedetoft, 2010; Jensen, 2014; Mouritsen, 2006).
Building a genuine relationship with someone from a different ethnic, religious, or socioeconomic community can improve our conception of that community as a whole.
By blaming the threat of terrorism on multiculturalism, Cameron has signalled that ethnic minority policy will now be driven by an alarmingly skewed conception of state security.
Perhaps it can if we broaden the conception of who can hold human rights to include ethnic and religious groups (see the entry on group rights).
