Cosmopolitans not only typically counter with a flurry of universalist and egalitarian moral arguments, but they also accuse communitarians of obscuring the threat posed by globalization to the particular forms of community whose ethical primacy the communitarians endorse.
But his properly existentialist understanding of that phrase, respecting the ethical primacy of free organic praxis, requires that he qualify the remark with "not entirely"; for whatever system he speaks of rides on the backs of responsible individuals, alone or more likely in social wholes, for whom moral responsibility can and should be ascribed.
Yet the primacy of ethical arguments in favour of sham surgery controls is not yet established.
Normative Judaism saw itself as given over to moral rationalism: to codes of ethics, including the primacy of charity, and a coherent set of personal and societal practices; to the illuminations of midrash, the charms of ethical lore — but mythologies and esoteric mysteries were cast out.
In theology ʿAbduh sought to establish the harmony of reason and revelation, the freedom of the will, and the primacy of the ethical implications of religious faith over ritual and dogma.
In the current ethical and research governance climate, primacy tends to be given to considerations of individual autonomy [ 2] over considerations of public benefit.
This doctrine, which suggests the primacy of ethics over speculation in philosophy, foreshadows the Stoic view that ethical norms are to be derived from observation of the natural world.
This demands the identification of the ethical problems faced in all the learning settings and the seek for primacy in ethical behaviors.
Łukasiewicz, for one, sought to show that LNC does not have the primacy it receives in the Metaphysics; its value, he submits, is not "logical" but "ethical", serving as "a weapon against error and falsehood", and in particular as a useful tool for a defendant seeking to establish his innocence in a criminal proceeding (Łukasiewicz 1910/1971: 508).
In addition, much of their attention was taken up with critical analyses of utilitarianism - the dominant ethical theory of the day - and the hedonism to which it was wedded, whether that view advanced the primacy of pleasure either in the form of a psychological account of motivation or as the felt state that right actions aim at maximizing.
However, there are also voices to shift the primacy of informed consent and the autonomy of participants in research ethics, and call for a new perspective on the ethical conduct of human research.
