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The in vitro approach to determining the rate of starch digestion has advantages over in vivo studies (animal and/or human subjects) in being considerably cheaper to perform and no ethical authorisation is required.
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Access to higher layers will require authorisation.
22 Following Deanery and Medical School authorisation, ethical approval was established at three sites in England, Scotland and Wales.
In order to achieve the best response rate and to avoid selection bias, we wrote to all family physicians working at the selected primary healthcare units by email with information about the study, ethical and administrative authorisations, and information about possible future telephone contact.
Journals to require the complete legal reference document including the name of the ethical entity that gave authorisation.
While participation of a child in a birth cohort study depends on parental (or guardian) authorisation, the ethical and legal scope of a parent's role in permitting a child to become a research subject remains controversial [ 4].
Ethical issues were considered and authorisation for the study was granted by the appropriate authorities.
All PALANTE pilots adhered to the European and national legislations (e.g., EC Directive 46/95 on data protection) protecting privacy, security and ethical issues and obtained the authorisation, when needed, from the related ethical Committees.
However, the applied treatment protocols and procedures received ethical clearance from the national ethics committee (authorisation N°059/CNE/DNM/08) as they were submitted for a trial that was nested within the programme described in this paper (NCT00744458, unpublished).
This meant that no approval was required by the ethics committee nor any authorisation by the commissioner for data protection by the national and cantonal laws nor were these recommended by the medical-ethical guidelines for scientific integrity of the Central Ethics Committee and the Swiss Academies of Sciences.
Therefore no approval was required by the ethics committee nor any authorisation by the commissioner for data protection by the national and cantonal laws nor were these recommended by the medical-ethical guidelines for scientific integrity of the Central Ethics Committee and the Swiss Academies of Sciences.
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