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The L-to-V ratio in the final coupling motifs (ca. 2 1) corresponds to a preferential ethyl-to-ethenyl dehydrogenation favouring the conformation where the ethenyl group lies s-trans to the bond opposite the pyrrolic nitrogen, as shown in Fig. 5a.
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Two opposite ethenyl groups adequately oriented are susceptible to react via a [2+2] cycloaddition affording intermediate 1-L (or -V), which is repeatedly observed by STM imaging.
These molecules were designed as model compounds for the study of chemisorption of rigid molecules containing multiple ethenyl groups on hydrogen-terminated silicon surfaces.
For both reactions, it is assumed that the ethyl legs have been transformed into ethenyl groups through dehydrogenation reactions, the details of which are shown in the Supplementary Information.
However, replacing the ethanyl tether with a trans-ethenyl group resulted in improved inhibitor potency as can be seen by comparing 12c with 13.
Pathway B results either in HAT or ODH and commences with a hydrogen-atom transfer from the oxygen-bound methylene unit in 2 to this very oxygen atom (TS2- 5) thus generating a oxo-hydroxo cluster with an ethenyl radical ligand; the latter is loosely bound to the cluster via the hydrogen atom of the newly generated OH group.
According to a relaxed scan of the C H bond, the ethenyl radical C2H3. is liberated from 5 without the involvement of any further intermediates or transition structures.
In short, the dehydrogenation of the β-ethyl groups followed by the intramolecular electrocyclization of the resulting ethenyl resides transformed the 3,4-diethylpyrrole units into isoindole analogues (cf. Fig. 5b).
The redox-switchable NLO chromophore is based on the octamethylferrocene/octamethylferrocenium redox system as electron-donor (D) group, in conjunction with nitrothiophene as the electron-acceptor (A) group and ethenyl as the π-conjugation bridge.
We propose that the ethyl substituents undergo an initial dehydrogenation reaction to produce an ethenyl residue per molecule, either in s-cis or s-trans conformation.
Both the monomer electro-cyclization and the dimerization reaction of monomers require four preliminary dehydrogenation reactions that converted two ethyl substituents into ethenyl residues, with a largest energy barrier of 1.60 eV (cf. Supplementary Fig. 7 for details).
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