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d VFS PZT NC arrays on Pt/Si substrate after selectively chemical etching off AAO.
Especially after etching off the glass matrix, massive NdF3 crystals simultaneously generate in free NCs.
Then, InN nanocolumns were transferred onto p-type silicon substrates after etching off the AAO templates.
c AAO template with embedded PZT nanostructure after etching off the PZT top layer on the top surface of AAO by an IBE.
Unlike our previous work [22] of Er3+/Yb3+-codoped GCs wherein only β-PbF2 phase was observed, the complex mixture was obtained after etching off the glass matrix of GCs doped with Nd3+.
The activated spheres look like much looser than that in Fig. 4b, and many white fine "dots" are clearly observed, which should be the pores formed by etching off carbon with CO2.
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Even for a very short etching time of 0.8 s, thin Ta2O5 is totally etched off and the activated TaN surface appears.
Long-time etching can also cause the etch-off of the deformation layer even at relative low temperature.
(b) GaAs surface after Ga-LDE at minimized As background flux F As<1×10−8 Torr by a 1-h growth interruption with the As cell switched off before etching.
These SEM images validate that the smaller islands, less than roughly 30 nm, tends to be lift-off during etching.
This also can explain that the nanosilver islands in Fig. 8 b-2) looks close to completely isolated circles relatively in comparison with Fig. 8 a-2), due to etching condition accompanying lift-off.
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