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A measure having the largest μ and the smallest σ is the most appropriate for the estimation since the estimated quantity μ is the largest compared to the amount of uncertainty σ.
When the channel is long but sparse, LS does not provide reliable channel estimation since each tap estimate will have a non-zero value [25].
Care should be taken in drawing conclusions when DIF is found only for items 1 and 2. However, the presence of local dependencies is more problematic for parameter estimation since it may spuriously inflate the estimated item discriminations [ 68].
The LS estimator can be used to obtain the channel estimation since no channel statistics information is required, h ′ ̂ ( i ) = P H P − 1 P H y p. (9).
However, this is of little impact on the channel estimation since it is assumed that each sub-band is estimated independently.
Based on this concept, this paper uses eigenvector for time delay estimation since it can represent received speech signal most, accumulates the estimated DOA results, and uses adaptive -means++ for clustering the accumulated results.
This is a conservative estimation, since other studies report a higher effectiveness of ClosureFast [33].
Velocity estimation Since our method also has a time dimension, we need the vertex velocities in each frame.
This greatly facilitates the Maximum Likelihood (ML) parameters estimation since the popular expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm [16] can be applied.
SigShrink functions are thus suitable functions for such an estimation since they satisfy (P1), (P2), and (P3) conditions.
Many people who still use the old meters are now on estimation since these meters are faulty.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com