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Nevertheless, the estimation of the indicator power of a species is currently only based on qualitative criteria.
The following criteria were applied to the selection of extra-representative indicators: (i) they are representative of many species, (ii) they are representative of a large area encompassing several spatial units, and (iii) they are documented by data that allow estimation of the indicator for multiple dates and for the reference state.
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The estimation of these indicators requires household survey data which represent the whole country and contain information on total household and health expenditure.
A difference-in-difference (DID) estimation of the above indicators was used in our study to assess the impact of the PR intervention on prescribing patterns.
Even single indicators can have identified measurement error variances (for example, if the single-indicated latent also causes several other latents) but here also the researcher should demonstrate their commitment to theory by resisting estimation of the single-indicator's measurement error variance.
Then, the indicative method was suggested for the estimation of two indicators: the roadway design efficiency index RDE and the roadway functionality maintenance index RFM.
In the "Appendix C" I describe the indicators and the estimation of the wealth index in detail.
The proposed procedure consists of the following steps: For each interval two estimations of the respective indicator are determined: an upper and a lower level.
In a successive step, when each node has computed a first estimation of sociability indicator, the exchange continues in such a way that the th node receives from the neighbors not just their identities but also their sociability indicators, which are used for refining the estimation of its own.
This might lead to an over-estimation of the epidemiologic indicators.
This estimation of the slope is an indicator of the shape of the curve where the transition takes place.
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