Maximum likelihood estimation, either in the form of marginal maximum likelihood (MML) or conditional maximum likelihood (CML) estimation of item parameters in IRT, is the method of choice in LSAS (e.g. Adams et al. 2007; von Davier et al. 2007, 2013).
This leads to state the estimation problem in the form of a regularized least-squares one with uncertain data.
Data association is one of the core problems of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), and it requires knowledge about the uncertainties of the estimation problem in the form of marginal covariances.
During the last years, sequential estimation algorithms in the form of Bayesian filters [13 16] have gained some attention in the field of multipath mitigation.
As the great Belinda Carlisle once confirmed, heaven truly is a place on earth, which in our estimation is in the form of 118 islands, in the midst of the Pacific Ocean.
Statistics Canada releases design information for variance estimation only in the form of bootstrap weights: cross-sectional weights and longitudinal weights (adjusted for non-response) that have been created from taking numerous bootstrap samples of primary sampling units from the original sample.
Finally, if one substitutes (51), (55) and (56) into (20), one obtains an approximate optimal solution for the scale factor estimation in the recursive form (24).
The proposed RML estimation algorithm is in the form of RLS algorithm but is more powerful than the conventional RLS in the colored noise case.
The remaining useful life (RUL), defined as (X_{t} = T_{i} - t|T_{i} > t,varvec{Z}(t)), i = 1, 2, …, n, is a random variable, the result of RUL estimation is presented in the form of a discrete probability distribution.
The present paper provides a straightforward methodology for the estimation in closed form of the overall strength domain of an in-plane loaded masonry wall by accounting for the failure of its bricks.
