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The articles are classified according to the focused techniques like channel estimation, equalization, coding and detection.
Receivers were originally designed to process the received signal in a cascaded fashion, starting with synchronization, then channel estimation, equalization, and finally decoding.
These blocks include FEC encoding, digital modulation, IFFT, and output filtering in the transmitter and input filtering, FFT, channel estimation, equalization, digital demodulation, and FEC decoding in the receiver[19, 25].
As non-zeros CFOs introduce ICI and MUI, which severely degrade the overall system performance, CFO estimation and compensation must be performed before channel estimation, equalization, and subsequent receiver processes as shown in Figure1.
The problem of joint channel estimation, equalization, and multiuser detection for a multiantenna DS/CDMA system operating over a frequency-selective fading channel and adopting long aperiodic spreading codes is considered in this paper.
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Fig. 4 The comparison between channel estimation and equalization: a estimation and b equalization.
The channel coefficients are equalized by the channel estimation and equalization VI, completing the receiver SubVI at the relay node.
This way, part of the frequency offset will be estimated and compensated by the channel estimation and equalization.
"Algorithm for channel estimation and equalization" section incorporates the explanation of the channel estimation and equalization algorithm used in the presented model.
Similarly improved algorithms have been proposed for channel estimation and equalization [70] in high-speed environments.
The channel estimation and equalization technique implemented in the proposed system uses PACE approach.
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