The difference in mean cost per participant between the two groups was not significant based on per participant estimations (column 5).
Least squares estimations with variables aggregated at the municipality level in columns (1)–(2); two-stage least squares estimations in columns (3)–(4); least squares estimations in column (5).
Appendix A: Fig. 8 reports the predicted probabilities of the estimations in column (1), column (2), and column (3) of Appendix B: Table 20 (the first prediction is the benchmark that we report also in Appendix A: Fig. 6 together with the relative confidence intervals).
OLS estimations in columns 2 and 4 of Table 3 are smaller (in absolute value) compared to IV estimates, suggesting the presence of a negative bias for men and a positive bias for women.
Notwithstanding these problems, estimation results in column (3) do not differ much from our previous estimates: unemployment is negatively related to absences, with a larger effect for small firm employees.
In the design of natural gas dehydration systems, correct estimation of absorption column size is crucial.
In this work the ternary distillation column estimation problem is addressed, using an ethanol-tertbutanol-water pilot experimental column.
The change is less than one times the standard error of the first-step estimation (see the column 'difference/SE' [Diff/SE]).
The estimation of the column (hat c) is provided by the solution of min_{binmathbb{R}^{n}}|z-widetilde{Psi} b|_{2}qquad text{s.
