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In order to exploit automatic pairing property of HR, we formulate the received signal as a two-dimensional (2-D) mixture form and then apply MDF estimation method [18] for estimating timing and frequency offsets of RSSs as well as detecting RSSs codes simultaneously.
The blind synchronization algorithms for jointly estimating timing and frequency offset in multicarrier systems have been proposed in some literatures [33 36].
This leads to 'probability of detection' (P d ) and 'probability of false alarm' (P f ) terms that are actually independent of timing offset, and we can get an accurate threshold without estimating timing offset.
lp-ntPET showed good precision in estimating timing parameters (tD and tP) of the DA responses at the voxel level (Fig. 9).
However, in the setting of acute kidney injury (AKI), the time relationship between changes in SCr and concomitant changes in GFR do not allow accurately estimating timing of injury and severity of dysfunction [ 31].
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The results for synthetic timing errors (both constant and time-varying) indicate that the XWT-based approach can estimate timing errors in streamflow predictions with reasonable reliability.
In module II, received signal is diagnosed over every sample to estimate timing and IFO jointly.
As we have illustrated before, estimated timing point locates in ZP would not introduce ICI and ISI, which is also meaningful for promoting system capability.
While preparing roadmaps it might be difficult to estimate timing for each R&D project that might be required to develop a sub-technology.
Comparing the seasonal flux of both the ground measurements and the model estimates provides insight into how well the CASA model estimates timing of yearly productivity maxima and minima.
We estimated timing of pesticide applications using crop phenology and published records.
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