We estimated the split of the Brown-cheeked Rail and the Water Rail to have occurred ~534,000 years ago 955% CI 275,000-990,000 275,000-990,000 years ago
We estimate the split of Pieridae, the next oldest butterfly lineage to have evolved, from the ancestor of (Nymphalidae + (Lycaenidae + Riodinidae)) to be situated between 101.1 170.0 Mya (node 25, Table 3), a result consistent with Wheat et al. [ 36] who estimated this split to have occurred between 79 and 166 Mya.
They were also used as priors in a new analysis of *BEAST [ 57] to estimate the split times of the species tree, for comparison with those obtained by IMa2.
Schaüble & Moritz [25] estimated the split between Limnodynastes spp. populations of these two regions to have occurred during the same period.
Sumida et al. estimated that the split of P. nigromaculatus and P. porosus took place at least 3 MYA [ 23], and it was again congruent with our estimate of 2.93 to 6.25 MYA for this event.
Our dating approach allowed us to estimate that the split of the two most divergent mitochondrial phylogroups occurred 0.32 Myr ago and that the subsequent divergence of the two pairs of lineages concomitantly took place at around 0.23 Myr ago.
A previous comprehensive phylogenetic analysis using 42 orthologous nuclear protein-coding genes estimated that the split of the Euteleostei superorders the Ostariophysi and Acanthopterygii took place in the early Triassic 217 Ma (Steinke et al. 2006).
Furthermore, divergence time estimates for the split of the two lineages (∼0.9 my) are slightly lower than generally inferred times for allopatric speciation in fishes (2.3 1.0 my, [69]).
Contemporary anthropogenic effects may also influence the population structure of E. quimperiana since estimates of the split of the Basque populations match glacial and postglacial times (Table 3).
Divergence time estimates of the split of Kalyptatherina and the central Sulawesi Malili flock of 8.5-28.9 Mya renders a scenario of terrane-rafting the most plausible explanation for the present-day distribution pattern, given the region's geological history.
