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The electro-conductivity (EC) of water is one indicator of its salinity, estimating the level of dissolved solids through the capacity of water to conduct electrical current.
Esther George, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, suggested the Fed should address how quickly it expects to raise rates once that process begins, by estimating the level of future short-term rates.
Estimating the level of broadcast storm problem and broadcast flood problem.
Furthermore, the accuracy of estimating the level of difficulty was examined.
Hence, cautious engineering judgement must be exercised when estimating the level of disturbance.
Finite element modelling is shown to provide a useful approach for estimating the level and distributions of retained residual stresses.
Estimating the level of this impact is particularly difficult where there is high flow variability, such as dryland rivers in Australia.
In a sense, this is related to estimating the level of corruption at a site as a continuous variable between 0 (no corruption) and 1 (totally lost).
In this work we focus on the application of sentiment analysis of Twitter content in estimating the level of disruption and disorder during public events.
The use of the ILD test remains a suitable method for estimating the level of horizontal gene transfer in bacterial species.
Overall, the results suggest that generic (non-industry specific) semi-quantitative proxy indicators can be used for estimating the level of CP uptake in SMEs.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com