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We present a novel technique for estimating breast density based on 3D T1-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and evaluate its performance, including for breast cancer risk prediction, relative to two standard mammographic density-estimation methods.
In reality there are four methods for estimating breast density in humans[ 7], but the two methods that use computer-assisted image analysis to determine area or volume of glandular tissue are parallel to the digital analyses reported herein which also measure mammary epithelial mass in absolute terms or expressed as a percent area or percent volume.
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Most earlier studies estimated breast density as %DBA and ADBA from mammographic images and included older premenopausal and postmenopausal women.
Firstly, the study by Eriksson and al. used quantitative, computer assisted measures of breast density while we estimated breast density qualitatively.
However when epithelial mass was divided by mass of the entire gland, to estimate breast density, a 6.6% reduction in density was observed, but the decrease was not statistically significant (52.9 vs 49.4, p = 0.177).
It is worth noting that volumetric breast density methods which estimate breast density from two-dimensional (2D) mammography, such as the one used in this work, do not directly measure the "true" volume of the dense fibroglandular tissue in the breast but rather a surrogate estimate based on imaging physics and validated assumptions of the breast anatomy [ 47].
Other than the use of mammography for the early detection of small pathologies that might otherwise be missed during a physical exam, mammograms are also used to estimate breast density, i.e. the ratio of radiodense fibroglandular breast tissue to the total amount of breast tissue present; non glandular, radiolucent breast tissue is also determined.
The semi-automatic threshold technique to estimate the breast density of patients showed a median breast density of 24 % with a standard deviation of 16%%.
It has been estimated that breast density in 50% or more of the breast may account for about one-third of all breast cancer cases in developed populations [ 2, 3].
Estimated Breast Cancer Incidence (2012).
Estimated Breast Cancer Mortality (2012).
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