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All estimates were performed using a 100× objective on an Olympus BX-50 microscope (Tokyo, Japan).
Another point worth noting is that estimates were performed using a proxy good method based on hourly wages.
All variance estimates were performed using a REML procedure implemented in the nlme package in R [ 51, 52].
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This resulted in a mass of 461 kg, but the scaling estimate was performed using a wingspan of 11.2 meters for Quetzalcoatlus, a likely overestimate (see above) and relies on geometric similarity between Tupuxuara and azhdarchids.
Random forest code was written in Java for this study, and all statistical analyses (e.g., model performance estimates) were performed using R.
All analyses were performed using SAS® PROC MIXED [ 7] with Maximum Likelihood estimation, and tests of parameter estimates were performed using likelihood ratio tests.
All statistical analyses and ROC estimates were performed using Splus (Version 6.1, Insightful Corp., Seattle, WA).
Size estimates were performed using the method of Bohnsack and Bannerot [25] and recorded in 5 cm size intervals.
Survival estimates were performed using Kaplan-Meier curves; stepwise Cox regression was used for multivariate analysis.
Sample size estimates were performed using the Study East Version 4.0.1 (Cytel Statistical Software, Cambridge MA, USA).
Bacterial inoculation, sampling, and CFU estimates were performed using procedures and conditions described previously [ 28- 30].
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