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Note that if ρ = r 1 satisfies | e ¯ I ( t ) | ≤ ε ¯ I e − ρ ( t − t 1 ) ∀ t ∈ [ t 1, t 1 + T m ), then any 0 < ρ < r 1 also satisfies it. From (4.23), the population estimates vector x ¯ ˆ ( t ) would converge asymptotically to zero as t → ∞.
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where is the current estimated vector for the block to be smoothed.
The notation C X ^ represents the covariance matrix of estimated vector x ^.
The estimated vector angle for DO was 12° from the mandibular angle.
The class corresponding to the feature vector with the minimum Euclidean distance from the estimated vector is selected.
where ∆z k and ∆θ k denote observation residual and heading change; φ k is the angle between the observation vector z k and the state estimate vector, while ϕk - 1 is the angle between the state estimate vector and the state estimate vector ; and the superscript T denotes transpose.
The estimated vector error correction model for the agricultural sector takes the form expressed in equation 10.
The gradient-based family can estimate vector motion of every single pixel, giving a dense representation of the processed frame.
The least squares estimate vector equals the corresponding value x k when C k obtains its minimum value.
Because all data are vector data, ({varvec{f}}) is linear and the data estimate vector may be expressed as ({varvec{f}}({varvec{m}}) = {varvec{G}} {varvec{m}}).
In other words, for the estimated vector y(t) and the source vector s(t), y(t) ≈ s(t) should hold.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com