Effects of systematic over- or under-estimating differentiation between parental lineages predictably biased hybrid index estimates toward intermediate or extreme values respectively (Additional file 2: Figures S5-S8, Tables S1-S4).
This is particularly urgent now that the current year's deficit is ballooning beyond estimates, toward $400 billion, with the two Bush tax cuts expected to add well over $2 trillion in deficits by 2013.
The endogeneity of entry seems to bias the OLS estimates toward zero for men.
The failure to distinguish the two potentially biases elasticity estimates toward zero.
Failure to distinguish the two potentially biases elasticity estimates toward zero and may fail to capture gender differences in worker separation decisions.
To avoid biasing estimates toward the studies with a larger sample size, we assigned a study weight to each individual such that the sum of weights for each study would be the same.
We considered whether the quantification of only the 50 most abundant compounds in all homes could have misclassified exposure to PGEs, and might have biased our estimates toward the null.
While helping us to avoid overfitting, the prior, however, biases our estimates toward the parameters η.
Under such circumstances, we would expect survival bias to bias our estimates toward the null.
These limitations would most probably bias the risk estimates toward the null.
Generally, the lack of an appropriate matched analysis biases the effect on estimates toward the null.
