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Given a random sample { x1, …, x n } for a univariate random variable X with an unknown density f, a kernel density estimator (KDE) estimates the shape of this function as [ 32]: (3) f x = 1 2 π nh ∑ i = 1 n exp − x − x i 2 2 h 2 where, h is the kernel bandwidth.
The proposed method estimates the shape of a flat material and the fiber directions in the 3D model design; deformation phenomena of 3D woven-fiber materials are also considered in order to improve the accuracy of the proposed method.
In practice, this model estimates the shape of the distribution for T and then covariates shifts the location of this distribution along the time axis.
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Experimental designs for event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging can be characterized by both their detection power, a measure of the ability to detect an activation, and their estimation efficiency, a measure of the ability to estimate the shape of the hemodynamic response.
Even so, Dr. Yoder complained that the researchers "devoted most of their analytical energy to scoring characteristics and estimating the shape of the tree rather than the length of its branches".
To estimate the shape of a shadow, we need the height of the obstruction object and the Sun angle.
Next, we use a learning algorithm to intelligently estimate the shape of window and doorway openings even when partially occluded.
In order to estimate the shape of the electron density profiles, the electron density values were normalized to the peak electron density.
When disable to estimate the shape of clusters in a conformer dataset in advance, a hierarchical clustering is a proper choice [47].
Satellite altimeters, first launched nearly 40 years earlier to map the ocean surface, produced better maps of the seafloor than were available from shipboard echo-soundings alone, by using small-scale features in the marine geoid to estimate the shape of the seafloor.
This data allowed us to estimate the shape of the bumps summing up the light response (see Materials and Methods).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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