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Hierarchical Bayesian models offer a flexible framework to coherently incorporate heterogeneous variables that theoretically relate to a common effect while providing estimates of the variability at each conceptual level [ 25].
By modeling variation in diet across levels of population structure (e.g., individual, group, population), these approaches offer the ability to quantify the niche width of a consumer based on explicit estimates of the variability in source contributions to diet, as opposed to implicitly assuming that the variability in the isotope signatures of consumers directly reflects variability in diet.
For the special case of Lasioglossum malachurum we derive estimates of the variability of seasons.
The estimates of the variability in batch, B, and in interaction between array and dye, AD, were small.
Author's response : We thank the reviewer for this suggestion and have modified the Table to include estimates of the variability in both relative importance and rank.
By applying the parameter estimation procedures described previously, we obtain estimates of K, λ and D, as well an estimates of the variability in these values.
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The Y-intercept provides with an estimate of the variability of the method.
Design of a clustered childhood trauma study requires having an estimate of the variability in the outcome of interest between and within the clusters.
The standard error (Std. Error) column is an estimate of the variability of the estimate and can be used to assess the uncertainty associated via a formal hypothesis test.
Results of reproducibility studies provide an estimate of the variability of the IVD test among study sites, reagent lots, site operators, within a single test run, and over multiple test days.
For strata that do not have an adequate initial sample to have confidence in the estimate of the sampling variability, an estimate of the variability of the strata can be found using the remote sensing data for that strata compared to the other strata.
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