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The ACI code gives too conservative estimates of the ultimate loads of CFSST columns as it does not consider the concrete confinement effects.
An elderly woman and a child were among those pulled from the ruins, as the body count of the dead grew to 7,140 and officials offered differing estimates of the ultimate toll.
The comparison of the test results and the predictions by the design equations showed that the latter gave un-conservative estimates of the ultimate tensile capacity of the specimens with bolted HSS angles connected by the short leg.
The comparative study shows that Eurocode 4 and the CSM give good estimates of the ultimate axial strengths of CFSST columns with D/t<40 but overestimates the strengths of columns with D/t≥40.
The costs of working offshore have risen rapidly, so the bill is swelling: five years ago, the best estimates of the ultimate cost of hauling down Britain's entire North Sea infrastructure were around £11 billion; today's figure is £27 billion.Strict laws forbid dumping the platforms at sea; instead they must be brought back to shore for disposal.
Based on the finite element models validated by the test results, a parametric study was carried out, and the results also indicated that the current design equation would lead to unsafe estimates of the ultimate tensile capacities of bolted HSS angles connected by the short leg.
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Analysts have consistently avoided offering their own estimates on the ultimate cost of the spill to BP's bottom line, mainly because making a reasonable estimate is impossible.
The EC4 method gives a close and conservative estimate of the ultimate capacities with a difference of 1%.
It is shown that a hyperelliptic estimate of the ultimate bound set can be analytically calculated based on the optimization method and the Lagrange multiplier method.
We establish a precise estimate of the ultimate bound of solutions to some second order evolution equations with possibly unbounded linear damping and bounded forcing term.
The $1 billion does not represent the governments' estimate of the ultimate environmental cost of the explosion and spill, which poured nearly five million barrels of oil into the gulf over 87 days last year.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com