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Generally, our estimate was consistent with previous time estimates of the origin of unisexual Ambystoma [ 5, 20, 21] which validates them as the most ancient unisexual vertebrate lineage known to exist [ 2].
The estimates of the origin of the remaining mustelids are more recent than those fossil-based ages [ 61], and older than the other sequence-based dates [ 2, 5, 15, 58, 59].
Similar(58)
Dating estimates on the origin of fungi are very inconsistent, with large time span from 660 Myr to 2.5 Gyr (Taylor and Berbee 2006).
Temporal estimates of the origins of the hybrid species are variable (Schwarzbach and Rieseberg 2002; Welch and Rieseberg 2002; Gross et al. 2003; Ungerer et al. 2009), but all estimates suggest their formation within the last 1 My.
These studies have produced a wide range of date estimates for the origin of bilaterians, with the date estimates for the split between the protostomes and deuterostomes ranging from 630 Mya [ 19] to 1200 Mya ([ 20]).
Most of our time estimates for the origin of highly-troglomorphic cave forms predate the Pleistocene.
For eubacteria, the 2.3 Ga minimum calibration (constraint), from the geologic record, was chosen because it encompasses all of the hypothesized time estimates for the origin of cyanobacteria.
Point estimates for the origin of the MRCA of these isolates prior to the isolation of any MRSA is intriguing.
The maximum likelihood estimate of the origin time,, minimizes R2 and is calculated as follows: (17 The minimum of R2 is calculated as: (18).
For the jth trial of ε ij, we obtain the maximum likelihood estimate of the origin time as follows: (19)The average value of over j,, is estimated by: (20 where ε ij refers to the random error at the ith station in the jth trial.
A revised estimate of the origin of placental mammals is as young as 84 mya, which is much more recent than current estimates using molecular data.
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