Sentence examples for estimates of the mutation from inspiring English sources

Current estimates of the mutation rate and the mutational spectra in mismatch repair defective cells are primarily limited to a small number of individual reporter loci.

The estimates of the mutation rate have been revised somewhat since then, and empirical estimates on constraint within the human population have become available too (Ward and Kellis 2012), but this has not resulted in raising the estimate on the fraction of the genome that could be selectively constrained to anything remotely close to the majority of it.

Based on early estimates of the mutation rate in humans and the size of the human genome, simple calculations done decades ago showed that only a small fraction of it could be constrained at the sequence level, otherwise there would be too many deleterious mutations in every generation for the species to survive (Ohno 1972).

If sequences evolve according to a neutral coalescent model, the two estimates of the mutation rate coincide and D = 0.

To investigate this we used our estimates of the mutation rate per generation to derive rough estimates of the average effective population size of mitochondrial DNA.

To incorporate the effect of uncertainty around the mutation rate, we used the upper and lower estimates of the mutation rate (4.54 12.54%) to calculate wider credibility intervals (CI) than if we had simply used the average mutation rate.

All the estimates of the mutation-scaled effective population size Θ were scaled using a microsatellite mutation rate of 5.56 × 10-4 per locus per generation [ 41, 42] to calculate the average effective population sizes (Ne).

Thus, the direct estimate of the mutation rates of the SARS-CoV in human populations and the analysis of the mutational spectrum would aid in developing strategies for monitoring and therapy.

Multiplying d4 by the generation time and dividing it by twice the divergence time gives us an estimate of the mutation rate per generation.

The optimal mutation rate for tumor evolution is consistently higher than one published estimate of the mutation rate of embryonic stem cells [23], and is generally higher than the estimates for mutation rates of somatic cells [24].

We assume here that synonymous mutation are neutral and that the synonymous divergence gives an estimate of the mutation rate; although, there is a discrepancy between mutation rate estimated from pedigrees and the level of synonymous divergence, this is probably a consequence of the methods used to infer the pedigree mutation rate [17].