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If you change 'hit' to 'smashed into' the witnesses estimates of speed rise yet again.
Differential estimates of speed for looming versus receding sounds could provide additional support for Error Management Theory and be consistent with an evolutionary perspective on the role of adaptive processes in auditory perception.
Because "labeling" the speed of looming sounds is typically not a priority in a natural environment, the primary concern here was to examine relative differences between conditions rather than absolute estimates of speed.
This means that the derived estimates of speed and distance are less likely to be affected by the participant's expectations or biases and are more likely to reflect natural, intuitive movement-related responses.
Further, the presence of parallel sauropod trackways at Arhab has implications for inferring the behavior of the trackmakers, as the 11 trackways are roughly parallel, evenly spaced, and estimates of speed based on stride lengths appear fairly constant at approximately 3km/hour despite a likely fourfold difference in body mass between the smallest and largest individuals.
Estimates of speed for the 11 sauropod trackmakers were made using pes lengths and stride lengths measured directly from the tracksite, following calculations outlined in Alexander (1976): v≈0.25g0.5SL1.67h−1.17, where v indicates velocity, g equals the gravitational constant, SL equals stride length, and h equals hip height.
Similar(51)
"Estimates of speeds of dinosaurs".
His books Functional Design in Fishes (1967), Bones: The Unity of Form and Function (1994) and Principles of Animal Locomotion (2003) became classics, but it was his work on dinosaurs that caught the imagination and made him famous, with the landmark 1976 Nature paper, Estimates of Speeds of Dinosaurs.
Christiaan Huygens combined this estimate with an estimate for the diameter of the Earth's orbit to obtain an estimate of speed of light of, 26% lower than the actual value.
This estimate of speed (s) allows for a rigorous test of the degree to which prospectors were suboptimal foragers.
This allows us to verify the numerical method and obtain some estimates of the speed of the solidification front.
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