Prior studies have focused on IVCDi in dehydrated patients and have shown that it provides accurate estimates of right atrial pressure and volume status.
These rulings were made despite the extremely low numbers (as low as 313 by some estimates) of right whales in existence at this time, and a very poor calving season.
Since we did not measure pericardial pressure, we have no direct estimates of right ventricular end-diastolic wall tension.
Several studies have emphasized the good correlation between estimates of right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDV) by thermodilution-derived right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) and surrogates of stroke volume [ 17- 20].
The Doppler echocardiogram (DE) can simultaneously provide an estimate of right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), functional and morphologic cardiac sequelae of PH, and identification of possible cardiac causes of PH or the presented clinical symptoms.
The numerical average of IVC and SVC SO2 (mean SO2 = [IVC SO2 + SVC SO2]/2) provides a first order estimate of right atrial SO2.
IVC diameter was included as a readily measured estimate of right ventricular filling even though it appears to be less robust in mechanically ventilated patients [ 21].
Chest CTA gives indirect signs of right-heart afterload (size of the main pulmonary arteries and emboli burden) or preload (size of azygos vein and vena cava) and allows an estimate of right-ventricular dysfunction through right-to-left ventricular ratios (diameter, surface, volume, or even function), interventricular septum bowing, and retrograde reflux of contrast into the veins.
Still, EM provides estimates of the right order of magnitude and, for the case of Figure 2E, of the right sign in at least 75% of the runs (box entirely above 0), while the median has the right sign and is reasonably close to 1.
In this article, we extend some estimates of the right-hand side of a Hermite-Hadamard-type inequality for preinvex functions.
