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This will in turn help in the progression from preventive resistance management in WCR, which implements IRM practices without assessing resistant allele frequency, to adaptive resistance management, which uses estimates of resistance allele frequencies to make management decisions.
In these resource-constrained settings, estimates of resistance are determined through periodic surveys of incident (i.e. presenting) TB cases rather than through ongoing surveillance.
We specifically excluded any hospital site reporting <10 isolates per year as too unreliable to provide point estimates of resistance rates.
Using overall estimates of resistance and tolerance in the acute phase of infection, we found a positive relationship between resistance and tolerance, although the strength of this relationship was diet-dependent.
Using the binary trait of mortality/survival from the challenge experiments, moderate-to-high heritability estimates of resistance to PD were obtained (~0.5 for fry in POP 1 and ~0.4 for post-smolt in POP 2).
Second, in areas where public sectors surveys are not routinely conducted, we propose an efficient sampling strategy that returns unbiased estimates of resistance for a fixed sample size (Case 2).
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We also compare the incidence-based estimate of resistance to the total burden of resistant among prevalent tuberculosis cases calculated at the end of each year.
First, the arthropod population must be sampled or an indirect estimate of resistance must be measured.
For example, for a typical transmission line with an X/R ratio of 10, an angle error of 0.57° (equal to the maximum 1% total vector error given in the C37.118.1 std) will result in a 10% error in the estimate of resistance.
A buffer around the artificial boundary removed the barrier to movement and produced a more accurate estimate of resistance.
For this latter correlation, the maximum bacterial load measurement for each genotype was used as the overall estimate of resistance.
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