Sentence examples for estimates of labor from inspiring English sources
Even within the context of estimation using microeconomic data, several papers show how the estimates of labor supply elasticities based on the variation of the working hours of prime-age employed males are biased downward.
However, several studies have provided estimates of labor adjustment costs.
Section 3 surveys estimates of labor supply elasticities in the literature.
Earlier studies by Beninger et al. (2006); Beninger et al. (2007); Beninger and Laisney (2002); and Chiuri and Longobardi (2002), among others, suggest that imposing a unitary framework when the data-generating process is a collective framework may lead to downward biased estimates of labor supply responses for wives and upward biased estimates of labor supply responses for husbands.
Adjustment costs are positive and significant in studies using a quadratic or higher-order specification with or without interactions among different adjustment margins.24 The estimates of labor adjustment costs here are within the range of the estimates found in these previous studies, though there is strong evidence of asymmetric adjustment costs here.
Immigrants are attracted mostly to skill cells that offer the best current labor market opportunities, which typically bias upward the estimates of the labor market effects of immigration (Borjas 2003; Glitz 2012; Ottaviano and Peri 2012; Brücker et al. 2014).
The classic preliminary estimation methods of ship costs provide only rough estimates of the labor, materials, and equipment based on the overall ship parameters and do not reflect further specifications.
Additionally, estimates of small labor supply elasticities based on micro data are consistent with large aggregate labor supply elasticities.
Estimates of the labor supply model and wage elasticities are presented in Section 5, while policy simulations are presented in Section 6.
However, unemployment would be a choice variable and our estimates of the labor market consequences of unemployment would be potentially biased.
