Sentence examples for estimates of integration from inspiring English sources

Point estimates of integration dates are hard to find in the literature, except for the more recent ERV-K group.

Using the basic phylogenetic data to infer integration dates, we obtained point estimates of integration time for each endoretroviral sequence.

However, EAV-HP has a distinct U3 region [ 3] which could be used to generate a more conservative estimate of integration sites if one wished.

If these GRD sequences had been transferred multiple times between different Nicotiana species by hybridization (a remote but real possibility), our estimates of their integration times could be misleading.

The estimates of the integration time determined using both methods were similar for 6 clusters of ERVs and different for 10 clusters of ERVs (Table  3).

In order to estimate time of integration from basic phylogenetic data, we used the method described in figure 1.

The gammaretrovirus-like CfERV-Fc described here, in relatively high copy numbers and with long estimated range of integration time, provides useful insights and understanding of a HERV-Fc-like group that is larger and older than previously considered.

Thus, applying a single evolutionary rate to estimate the time of integration is rarely a good approximation when studying ERV sequences.

We estimated the date of integration using the substitution rate of the neutrally evolving Nicotiana ITS nrDNA sequences (29 sequences, 517 sites).

We used tensile testing to measure any increase in mechanical stability and histomorphometry to estimate the quality of integration, as an indicator of longevity of the integration, with loss of the demarcating border as the decisive factor.

Therefore, nucleotide identity between the 5′- and 3′-LTR of each ta-TRIM can be used to estimate the time of integration (Kijima and Innan 2010), if the rate of neutral nucleotide substitution is known (calibrated from the fossil record, or from biogeographic vicariance estimates).