Rather than logic models (linking inputs to processes and outputs in a more or less linear way) and point estimates of effect, implementation research uses theory of change, examining natural diversity and the interaction of the intervention in context to produce actionable knowledge.
The negative effects of the less frequent gross errors are eliminated with the implementation of the Welsch robust estimator, avoiding the computation of biased estimates and implementation of iterative procedures for detection and removal of gross errors.
One similar study in Ghana, where the QUALMAT CDSS (adapted to that context) was implemented, estimated financial cost of implementation was 23,316 USD while economic cost was 17,128 USD [ 27].
Awareness of this variability is necessary in order to estimate the influence of implementation on programme outcomes [ 3].
We chose a mixed-methods approach because the use of quantitative and quantitative methods will enable us to not only estimate the extent of implementation and effectiveness of the multiple-strategy intervention in reducing maternal and child health inequalities in Haryana (QUAN study findings) but also explain the possible causes of these results (from the QUAL study findings).
This table shows the changes (after minus before) in the outcomes in intervention and control trusts and the effects of implementing the CPOE system as the relative increase or decrease in each outcome (estimated by interactions of implementation and period in the regression models), adjusted for underlying trends in all trusts.
But hours before the bill passed the upper house, Abbott was unable to answer a direct question about the amount the government would contribute to businesses to assist with the cost of implementation, estimated to be up to $300m.
The method outlined here is for the ex-ante estimation of the potential of a road safety programme, which takes into account existing scientific research, an estimate of the degree of implementation that can be expected at a certain point in time, and the interaction between individual measures.
None reported the time required for administering or scoring the instruments and none estimated the financial cost of implementation.
The exception is Orissa State, India, where program implementation began in 2010, and where the costing analysis is therefore estimated on the basis of implementation plans.
