Sentence examples for estimates of generation from inspiring English sources

The study has yielded "the most accurate estimates of generation length yet possible for wild chimpanzees and gorillas," says paleoanthropologist John Hawks of the University of Wisconsin, Madison, who was not involved in the work.

Estimates of generation times were taken from Keightley and Eyre-Walker [16].

We scaled results to real time using estimates of generation time and mutation rate.

Our estimates of generation time are likely to be slightly inflated as the contribution of mature male parr to the reproduction is not accounted for.

The MIRU per generation mutation rate is between 5.6 × 10-06 and 7.64 × 10-05, using the lower (18 housingand upper (240 hours) estheates of generation times previouslowerscribed [ 18].

The latter assumes that synonymous substitutions are selectively neutral, requires estimates of generation times in nature, and is subject to additional uncertainty when there is recombination or selection on codon usage and GC-content (Balbi et al. 2009; Sharp et al. 2010; Touchon et al. 2009).

Estimates of generations since population divergence were divided by four considering that nuclear genes have four times the population size of mitochondrial genes.

To investigate this further we estimated the mutation rate per year and per generation in mitochondrial DNA from the level of synonymous divergence at 4-fold degenerate sites, d4, for whole mitochondrial genome sequences from several pairs of animals for which we have well estimated divergence times, and a rough estimate of generation time.

This might be a low estimate of generation time, as female fecundity increases with body length, i.e. with age.

It is important to note that this estimate is affected by our estimate of generation time, which may have been greater than 5 years.

The estimate of generation time made by Niel and Lebreton (2005) came from an average age of first breeding of 8.6 years (Cousins and Cooper 2000) and estimates of adult survivorship and the population growth rate.