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Testing in animals with the equivalent human disorder provides informed estimates of doses and measures of efficacy, which aids in design of human trials.
In this work we review the earlier estimates of doses from a Carrington event, and present updated dose estimates for deep space crews and electronics using the Carrington event proton fluence ⩾30 MeV in combination with an event spectrum similar to that of the August 1972 event.
In the absence of individual breast dose estimates, individualised estimates of doses to the stomach are used as an approximation of dose to breast.
Estimates of doses from internal emitters (i.e., radionuclides which have been inhaled or ingested) were not generally available and could not be used here, but workers monitored for potential exposure were identified.
The difference in the estimates of doses to decrease drug-seeking and food-maintained behavior suggested that specific therapeutic effects could be obtained in the absence of unwanted side effects for a definable proportion of the population.
With the recognition that doses associated with zero effects cannot be determined empirically, the aim of low-dose EDC testing can only be to derive estimates of doses that correspond to a specific effect magnitude.
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Calculated probabilistic estimates of dose from solar particle events are also presented.
The impact of not taking this into account has led to overly conservative estimates of dose in neutron workplace fields.
This paper provides a critical review of this existing research into directional survey meters which could improve these estimates of dose.
Clear estimates of dose increase due to increased frequency may only be obtained through a more controlled observational study.
Figure 3 compares estimates of dose during the third shift computed using urine data with those computed using serum data.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com