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Study-specific estimates of discrimination were dependent on the risk predictors' distributions.
Still, false-negative self-reports may distort estimates of discrimination and calibration.
Caution should be applied when comparing estimates of discrimination across studies with large differences in the risk predictors' distributions.
Virtually identical estimates of discrimination and calibration of ESRD risk were obtained when prediction equations that allowed the RR for creatinine level to vary during follow-up were used.
The primary determinants of heterogeneity in study-specific estimates of discrimination are: 1) study-specific distributions of the risk predictors, with wider ranges of continuous risk predictors leading to higher values of, and 2) variation in the relevance of the pooled to individual studies.
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This implies that the estimate of discrimination in this experiment does not depend on the design of the experiment, i.e., the level of standardization being set by the experimenter.
Interestingly, when the estimated degree of discrimination is decomposed, we find that the effect through the variance is of the same magnitude, although insignificant, as the overall estimate of discrimination (second estimate in panel C), while the effect through the level is zero (see first estimate in panel C).
The implication is that any pooled estimate of discrimination represents a value applicable to a population with "average" risk predictor ranges.
The impact of heterogeneity on the imprecision of the pooled estimate of discrimination can be quantified by the I statistic, defined as the percentage of variance in the study-specific point estimates that is attributable to true between-study heterogeneity as opposed to sampling variation (28).
Moreover, the data suggested that from practical point of view it might be prudent to calculate the sib-based PI (a more conservative estimate of discrimination) for deciding the number of markers that can provide sufficient variability for individualization of the test germplasm.
This difference in posterior estimates of discriminability is consistent with impaired discrimination capacity for neutral signals in the presence of both positive and negative noise trials.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com