Using spatially explicit estimates of bird abundance, we evaluated several management alternatives for conserving bird populations in the Prairie Hardwood Transition of the United States.
If observations for this study had been made in regions where there was a greater frequency of interactions between deep diving seabird species and albatrosses, it would not have been possible to obtain reliable estimates of bird captures during setting because seabird capture events would have occurred at a greater distance astern, potentially outside of the researcher's field of vision.
Similarly, our estimates of bird abundance and diversity are basic indices associated with the number of birds heard, seen, or caught in the Camargue (Technical Appendix 2).
Species detected during strip-transect surveys, including those detected at a distance of >50 m, were pooled with detections from area searches to provide an estimate of bird species richness within each patch.
At each plot, hourly counts were made between 0900 1200 and 1400 1700 h to provide an estimate of bird species richness and abundance at the site.
The estimates of within-bird, among-aliquot variance were 0.893 for acidic cooking and 1.074 for non-acidic cooking.
Estimates of widespread bird species richness did not differ significantly between NF and SF (Tukey's Honest Significant Difference test, p>0.05).
Estimates of endemic bird species richness at sampling station (point) level were highest in, and did not differ significantly between (Tukey's Honest Significant Difference test, p>0.05), near-primary (NF, 64.2±4.1 S.D). and secondary forest (SF, 64.9±5.3).
Point level estimates of widespread bird species richness showed an opposite trend in having lowest species richness in NF (19.7±4.2) and SF (15.7±1.8), but increasing by 88% to AC (37.1±7.5), and having intermediate richness (increase by 42%) in AF (27.9±5.3)(F (3 20) = 20.48; p = 0.000).
Here we present a well supported species phylogeny with divergence time estimates of the birds-of-paradise.
