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Besides all these spurious estimates, there may be other spurious estimates introduced by the sparseness of the array elements.
In this article, we have used PM estimates introduced by Tarsitano (2005) adapted from the methods developed by Schmeiser and Deutsch (1977), Harrell and Davis (1982), and Korn et al. (1997).
Because the actual and estimated RFs were similar, the authors concluded that the bias in the RF estimates introduced by stimulus asymmetries was minimal.
Taken together, these results imply that the bias in RF estimates introduced by stimulus asymmetries is dependent on the specific statistical properties of the stimulus and suggest that these effects should be investigated explicitly in each new experimental context.
However, in some of these studies, the authors attempted to quantify the bias in the RF estimates introduced by stimulus asymmetries by simulating responses to natural stimuli using an LN model with a known RF and comparing the actual RF to the RF estimated from the simulated responses [3], [4], [31], [41].
In this study, we evaluated the uncertainty of tree-level AGB estimates introduced by error in wood density measurements (σMρ) at the four following levels: species (σMρ:sp), genus (σMρ gen), NFMP (σMρ NFMP), and conservation area (σMρ CA).
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Two-way sensitivity analyses were conducted to establish the ranges in the outcome estimate introduced by two of the inputs contributing most to the uncertainty in the model.
Analysis will also consider the influence of covariates on the outcome measures to determine the need for stratification in the larger RCT to follow, and estimate bias introduced by missing data and non-completion.
Although the predicted Finf estimates were validated with an independent estimate of Finf, the predictive model is derived from the estimates produced by the recursive model, and as a result the predictive model estimates include errors introduced by a two-step modeling procedure.
Errors in the estimates, including those introduced by deficiencies in other modeled forces (such as solar radiation pressure and Earth radiation pressure), are evaluated and the signal and noise levels for each satellite are analyzed.
Another objective of the fitting approach was to avoid the bias in slope estimates that is introduced by conventional across-session averaging.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com