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Then, 2-D complex interpolation to obtain the channel estimates for the data symbols both at the center and edge frequencies is performed, and finally the phase slope is restored to the whole estimation matrix for final calculation of the equalizer coefficients.
Therefore it is essential to examine the distributions of the covariates requiring imputation to determine whether transformations are likely to provide reasonable estimates for the data to be analysed.
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If there were data for 10 to 19 days, the number of headache days for the missing period was imputed by taking the average of the 2 estimates (the mLOCF estimate and the prorated estimate for the data recorded).
The mean log likelihood was estimated for the data for a given k (referred to as L K)) in each run.
The ML tree was also estimated for the data with the indels treated as missing data (not coded) (Additional file 1: Figure S1), for comparison with Figure 4.
For maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses, a model of sequence evolution was estimated for the data set using MODELTEST ver. 3.7 [ 37].
Linkage disequilibrium was estimated for the data set from the Ishigakijima Island population and was found to be not significant between any loci (P < 0.01).
Regression modelling where separate coefficients are estimated for the data segment preceding and succeeding an intervention—'segmented regression' is a commonly used ITS method.
Although we acknowledge that this estimate possibly differs from a multivariate estimate for the data matrix as a whole, it is as yet not possible to estimate such parameters for multivariate data sets.
The diversity estimates for the original data and for those data under random missing ranging from 10to90%0% of its observations without genotype imputations are shown in Table 1.
Thus, at the receiver, estimates of the data symbol vectors for user are given by (10).
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