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Estimated feedbacks were generally consistent with estimates (difference in all-sky and clear-sky TOA radiation) of Shiogama et al. (2014).
Ecologic bias defined as the "failure of ecologic effect estimates (difference in outcome rates across groups) to reflect the biological effect at the individual level" [ 30], does not allow inference of causality.
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Given that differential selection for the participant and comparison cases may cause bias in matching estimates, difference-in-difference methods provide useful alternative estimates.
The model estimates differences between mean values.
Survival curves were generated using Kaplan Meier estimates; differences between the curves were analyzed by the log-rank test.
The scale bar represents 2% estimated difference in nucleotide sequence position.
There was no main effect for group on weight estimate difference scores (F = 1.73, p = .20).20
The TEE value therefore includes the estimated difference between efficacy and effectiveness.
Coefficients indicate an estimated difference in the change, compared with patients switched to olanzapine.
Also, the 95% confidence interval for the estimated difference includes zero, indicating that the upper bound estimate is reasonable.
The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) is the ratio of the estimated difference between the costs of two interventions and the estimated difference between the outcomes of these two interventions.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com