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Confidence intervals for the proportions were estimated using the normal approximation to the binomial distribution.
The relative bias of the optimal threshold estimated using the normal distribution decreased along with the increase of ν but was always higher than the one obtained with the Student- t distribution, even with ν = 12 (Table 2).
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with varying location parameter μ and shape parameter σ, estimated using the log-normal distribution maximum likelihood estimator method.
Quantile–Quantile plots were used to determine the appropriateness of the AFT framework and Akaike's Information Criterion AICC) to select between models estimated using the log-normal, log-logistic, and gamma distributions (Akaike, 1974; Bradburn et al, 2003).
Next, n z is estimated using the unit argument of the normal, n z 2 = 1 − n x 2 − n y 2. To make sure that the ray originates from a location with i ≤ 1 (to remove ray B), the following upwind condition is needed e l s e i f ( n z 2 d x 2 < n x 2 d z 2 ) { t new ← min ( t new, s 2 D ( X 1, 0, 0, X 1, 1, 0 ) ) }. (20).
For each image set, the normal map is estimated using the OMP method [21 23] as proposed in this study.
The CI is estimated using the 'Central limit theorem' which assumes normal distribution of scores for item numbers above 30.
Deviations in coordinated expression of cell polarity-related molecules from those in normal tissue were estimated using the χ-test.
To test whether the outlying observations deviate significantly from what is expected, the SR distribution following a normal distribution was estimated using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test embedded in XLSTAT statistical analysis software version 2009.6.02 (with default parameters).
For each patient, the starting scores on the four DAS-28 domains are computer generated by drawing at random from a multivariate normal distribution which was estimated using the sample means and covariance of the logit of the four domains.
Protein concentration was estimated using the Micro BCA Protein Assay Kit Thermoo).
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