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Peak RV-RA gradient was estimated using the modified Bernoulli equation[5].
In the third case, the mean fragmentation size of the blast-produced mineral was estimated using the modified Kuz-Ram model in Zone 5 of Rashkan limestone quarry.
For pixels classified into the edge pattern region, the pattern edge direction is estimated using the modified local variation values in (10) with the extended range.
We first consider the lattice thermal conductivity which depends on the geometric parameters and can be estimated using the modified effective medium approximation [24] which treats the system as a nanocomposite.
Lumped mass transfer coefficients, that are estimated using the modified Sherwood number, quantify the mass transfer that occurs at the representative elementary volume (REV) scale, a scale that is larger than the pore scale where mass transfer occurs at the NAPL/water interfaces.
Average dN/dS ratios were estimated using the modified Nei-Gojobori/Jukes-Cantor method in MEGA 4 [40].
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Protein abundances were estimated using the exponentially modified protein abundance index (emPAI) method80.
Note that Ki was estimated using the established modified Patlak's graphical method.
The relative quantitation of identified proteins was then estimated using the exponentially modified protein abundance index (emPAI, Additional file 2: Table S1) [ 66].
LV mass (LVM) was estimated using the Devereux modified ASE cube formula [ 17], and the LV mass index (LVMI) was calculated by dividing LVM by body surface area.
GFR was estimated using the following modified MDRD formula for Japanese participants [ 16 ]: eGFR (ml min−1 1.73 m−2)=175×[serum creatinine (μmol/l)/88.4]−1.154×[age (years)]−0.203 × 0.741×(0.742 if female), where serum creatinine estimated by an enzymatic method was calibrated.
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