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Some studies did not directly record individual BMI so this was estimated using reported mean anthropometric measurements.
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This allowed a comparison of matched estimates (using reported matched estimates or by implementing the Greenland and Longnecker (1992) method) and unadjusted estimates ignoring the matching (by implementing Discriminant Function Analysis; Supplementary Table 1).
From the burn times, particle diameters were estimated using correlations reported in the literature.
The effect of restricted diffusion was estimated using correlations reported in the literature.
The residence time (h) of bone and the bone marrow were estimated using the reported method [38].
In addition to BM d, volumetric biomass productivity (P b ) (g/L/d) and specific growth rate (1/d) were estimated using the reported methods (Blair et al. 2014).
The parameter ranges were estimated using the reported uncertainties of the measured parameter values, where available.
Free oestradiol and testosterone were estimated using previously reported formulae (Rinaldi et al, 2002).
Direct cost of criminal justice system involvement was estimated using previously reported costs per type of encounter.
Direct medical costs of surgery, complications, and IOPTH were estimated by using reported Medicare charge and reimbursement data, and are reported in Table 2 in 2005 U.S. dollars.
The variance of RRs and ORs was estimated using the reported confidence intervals following a method discussed by Rothman et al. (1982).
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