These results demonstrated that S and Ks can be accurately estimated using a constant β and that downward infiltration is not an appropriate procedure to estimate β.
Future accounting book value of equity at t + τ, based on the clean surplus relation with future dividends, estimated using a constant (historic) pay-out ratio.
This distribution was estimated using the constant recovery rates shown in Table 1.
Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy change (ΔH°) and entropy change (ΔS°) can be estimated using equilibrium constants changing with temperature.
Thermodynamic parameters such as free energy change (ΔG 0), enthalpy change (ΔH 0), and entropy change (ΔS 0) can be estimated using equilibrium constants changing with temperature.
Departure from a molecular clock was determined using likelihood ratio tests with scores estimated using rate-constant and rate-variable models [ 61] in PAUP* 4.0 [ 62].
These residual stresses estimated using the lattice constants obtained from XRD data and calculated based on the strain model for hexagonal crystals may result in the changes of energy band structure, which subsequently lead to the narrowing of the gaps between the energy levels [19, 25].
Hence, in this work, heats of reactions, frequency factors and activation energies for varying rate constants are estimated using parameter estimation.
While the former fractions are usually unknown and must be fitted as the optimized coefficients, the latter fractions may be estimated using the known dissociation constants and ion-pairing association constants of chemicals in aqueous media.
The parameters were estimated using a fixed Hill constant n=4.
