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As the standard frequency difference in each observation period can be estimated, the phase caused by the frequency difference can be calculated as Where, T k is the time interval between two continuous observation periods.
Using these results, we then estimated the phase shift of groundwater levels from the tidal volumetric strains and the strain sensitivities of groundwater levels to the volumetric strain changes (Table 3).
To investigate whether Pi2 pulsations propagate, we estimated the phase velocity from the cross-phase between the Pi2 pulsations in the compressional component from THA and THD at f 1 and f 2, which is equivalent to the time delay between Pi2 pulsations.
We estimated the phase velocity Vsc = -439 ± 15 km/s earthward in the x direction; since the average SW speed was essentially in the same direction, VSW = (-515, 14, 14) ± 20 km/s, using relation (2), we found that the wave phase velocity in the SW rest frame was Vr = 76 ± 25 km/s in the sunward direction.
Andoh and Wada used a finite element method to predict the characteristics of two types of cochlear pressure waves, fast and slow waves [ 92], and later estimated the phase of the neural excitation relative to the BM motion at the basal turn of the gerbil, including the fluid-structure interaction with the lymph fluid [ 93].
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We specified four separate models that estimated the phase-differences in habituation for 1) migraineurs with and without aura, 2) sessions differentiated by headache laterality, 3) by years lived with migraine, and 4) by pain scores.
One way to estimate the phase is by using an LS estimator.
If noise levels are constant, the SNR is lower for epochs with lower amplitude, making it harder to estimate the phase angle.
Here, we investigate six recipes to estimate the phase fraction by box counting method (BCM).
The nonlinear oscillatory model designed as frequency tracker is adapted for estimating the phase and the amplitude of each particular harmonic component.
Simultaneous equations are presented that can estimate the phase and frequency of first motion as a function of system parameters.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com