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We estimated the fraction of irreversible states among all phenotypically relevant substitutions as the estimated fraction of all irreversible states divided by α.
We also estimated the fraction of the testes that was actually shielded (percent coverage) by visual inspection of the radiographs.
Finally, Ogawa et al. reported a nanoscale TERS mapping of a single Ge nanowire, and estimated the fraction of crystalline and amorphous content of Ge [105].
In a final step, they estimated the fraction of deaths in each square attributable to a specific pollution source, including automobiles, power plants, in-home energy generation, and farm activities such as burning crop residues.
We estimated the fraction of secondary electrons exceeds 95% from a test using an atomically smooth silicon nitride film of 50-nm thick: the film facing the electron incident beam was clean.
The authors of this study estimated the fraction of non-African genomes affected by "archaic" gene flow to be 14%, almost an order of magnitude greater than our estimates, suggesting that their observations may not be entirely explained by gene flow from Neandertals.
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They estimated the fractions of pseudogenes to be 20.3% and 19.5% and for dogs and rats, respectively, which are considerably lower than our estimates.
Glorennec and colleagues [ 4] estimated the fractions of exposure due to different sources for this population under ordinary exposure conditions.
Finally, we used cell fractionation methods to estimate the fraction of Shc molecules in both membrane and cytoplasmic pools.
The model estimates the fraction of the overall variation in the data.
We estimate the fraction of biographies that are about women at different ranks k.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com