This actuarial anomaly forms the basis of the fund's estimated returns.
The wholesalers had the right to return unsold drugs to Ligand, which could report sales on its financial statements only after reducing them to reflect estimated returns.
Behind the chancellor's claims to be taking the battle against tax erosion to new heights, the small print of the autumn statement showed the Treasury had been forced to cut estimated returns from his earlier anti-evasion efforts.
The organization's mutual fund expense analyzer, which can be found at http://apps.finra.org/investor_Information/ea/1/mfetf.aspx, is a nifty tool that allows investors to compare the costs of various funds and share classes in a way that is tailored to their expected holding period and estimated returns.
A $1.6 billion fifth fund, from 2016, is too young for estimated returns.
Figure 1, compares estimated returns to schooling in this paper with those obtained by Sweetman (2004).
Most papers to date have estimated returns only at the average of the (conditional) wage distribution.
However, we can also compare estimated returns to others in literature.
A similar increase in estimated returns when correcting for measurement error can be observed in almost all countries; only in six countries (Estonia, Japan, Lithuania, Norway, Singapore, and the Slovak Republic) estimated returns decrease slightly.
Similar findings are reached when estimated returns to schooling are plotted against educational input data related to secondary schooling.
Without controlling for individual characteristics, estimated returns to ICT skills are at 27%, significant at the 11% level [column (3)].
