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Another consequence of this solution is that the FFT window drift during one OFDM symbol is estimated instead of the exact sampling period offset.
In the geometry-free model, the geometric terms are directly estimated instead of their linearization with respect to baseline and ZTD parameters.
To make the orientation model more linear, we used an indirect Kalman filter setup where the error states are estimated instead of the actual state.
This is the case for our EKF algorithm, leading to a situation where the maximum and minimum values need to be estimated instead of being calculated.
Torsion angle of the driveshaft is selected to be estimated instead of direct torque observation, which can be further used to calculate the driveshaft torsion based on driveshaft׳s spring damper model.
It should be mentioned that at the UT, to allow high order modulations, only the coefficients are needed to be estimated instead of all the complex coefficients of the channel, leading to a UT design of low complexity.
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To prove the blow-up of solutions, we use precise energy integral estimates instead of constructing subsolutions.
Notice that the IBI term in (19) differs from the one in (8) in employing the channel estimates instead of the real values.
Since the extrinsic factor is difficult to estimate instead of landslide hazard, the landslide susceptibility mapping is done considering only intrinsic variables (Dai et al. 2001).
For such a reason, it is reasonable to consider an alternative receiver structure that performs the WL MMSE equalization of the received signal in order to estimate, instead of.
When asked to prioritize, a majority preferred receiving lifetime risk estimates instead of 10 or 20-year time horizons (Table 3a).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com