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Permanent plastic deformation (Fig. 7) was estimated here as the irrecoverable displacement with a minimal force of 160 N, considered as nearly zero force, at the start of the tests.
The overall impact of TB culture may be substantially greater than estimated here, as TB culture offers many clinical benefits beyond strict TB diagnosis.
For example, if immunopathology arises independently of parasite exploitation (estimated here as parasite density), evolution is expected to favor increased virulence.
Because error rates estimated in this way may be affected by which methods are included in the analysis, we must consider the FP and FN rates estimated here as relative error rates.
However, with poor 1-year survival for lung cancer (around 30% Office for National Statistics and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 2011), the majority of those newly diagnosed will also be counted in our end-of-life mortality figures (estimated here as 28 000 of the 35 000 dying in the year).
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Conversely, the various sources of error inherent in the estimation of rates makes it probable that the r 2 values estimated here – high as they are – are systematic underestimates of the true relationship between rate and trait.
Finally, to assess residual confounding by variables excluded by this procedure, a further model containing all available covariates was estimated (here termed as a 'fully adjusted' model).
As such, we regard the severe pandemic results estimated here for China as a worst case scenario and that a modern day influenza pandemic would fall somewhere within the spectrum of a typical influenza season and the severe pandemic in terms of severity of health care outcomes.
The detection limit of the method for As is typically < 0.2 μg/L, estimated here by multiplying the As concentration corresponding to the blank by a factor of 3. The long-term reproducibility determined from consistency standards included with each run averaged 4% (1-sigma) in the 40-500 μg/L range.
The range of demasculinization simulated (20 60%) encompasses previously inferred degrees of demasculinization (Parisi et al. 2003; Ranz et al. 2003; Sturgill et al. 2007), as well as those estimated here (table 3).
In such a case, the exsolved magnetite is likely to acquire a classical grain growth thermochemical remanence, which is less efficient than TRM (Stacy and Banerjee, 1974); thus, the VADM estimated here may be viewed as a lower bound.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com