We have demonstrated, using the Bayesian latent trait model, a way by which to estimate both the performance of raters, via estimated grade boundary parameters, and the marginal distributions of ratings given to each sample.
The number of immunopositive cells was semi-quantitatively estimated: grade +, 5 10% positive cells; grade ++, 11 50% positive cells; and grade +++, > 50% positive cells.
Studies showed that there was a distinct negative relation between students' estimated grade-point average and the tendency to engage in cheating behavior [ 13, 22].
Two recent meta-analyses concluded that MP-MRI has a high negative predictive value for the detection of CS cancers [16, 17], and it has been shown previously that MP-MRI can estimate grade of PCa compared to histopathology results with a reasonable degree of accuracy [18].
The grade level estimates range from grade 5 through college; grade 7 is fairly low; indicating the Questionnaire was quite suitable for use by lay people.
Ms. Castellano, who teaches at the Active Learning Prep School, a small academy within Middle School 180, estimates that grading the work of a single class of 25 to 30 students takes her one and a half to two hours.
Then, the appropriate probability of every principal habitat factor was estimated and graded, and the priority of habitat factors for rehabilitation was determined.
The intensity of HSP expression was also estimated and graded on a three step scale as: mild, moderate and intense [ 24].
The intensity of syntenin immunohistochemistry was estimated and graded in a four-step scale as not stained, slightly stained, moderately stained, or intensely stained.
The proportion of roots infected for each whole plant root system was estimated and graded into six categories: no symptoms, slight 1 (1-10% roots infected), slight 2 11-255%), moderate 1 (26-50%), moderate 2 (51-75%) and severe (more than 75%).
